Grammar & Punctuation

Parallelism

Parallelism is the matching of the forms of words, phrases, or clauses within a sentence.  Editing your work for parallel construction improves clarity and emphasizes your points.

Correcting Faulty Parallelism

Conjoined items in a sentence must be in the same grammatical form, i.e. grammatically parallel. 

  • INCORRECT: I like to bike and running.
  • CORRECT: I like biking and running.

Words, phrases, and clauses joined by and, but, or, nor, for, so, yet

  • INCORRECT: I enjoy streaming movies and to sleep on weekends.
  • CORRECT:  I enjoy streaming movies and sleeping on weekends.

Words, phrases, and clauses joined by not only... but also, both... and, either... or, neither... nor

  • INCORRECT: I love both to read books and watching movies.
  • CORRECT: I love both to read books and to watch movies.
  • CORRECT: I love both reading and watching movies.

Words, phrases, and clauses joined by as much as, more than, less than

  • INCORRECT: I enjoy watching movies as much as I like to read books.
  • CORRECT: I enjoy watching movies as much as I enjoy reading books.

Inserting because

  • INCORRECT: Sandra schedules her day because she works a full time job, she wants more time with her family, and she needs to finish her assignments.
  • CORRECT: Sandra schedules her day because she works a full time job, because she wants more time with her family, and because she needs to finish her assignments.

Words, phrases, and clauses in a series

  • INCORRECT: She is smart, beautiful, and has a great sense of responsibility. 
  • CORRECT:  She is smart, beautiful, and very responsible.

Items in a bulleted list 

INCORRECT: 

To write a Compare/Contrast paper:

  • Defining your assignment
  • Find, review, and evaluating sources
  • Write your thesis statement and outline
  • Writing a first draft 
  • Find additional sources, revise, and rewrite
  • Submitting your paper

 

CORRECT: 

To write a Compare/Contrast paper:

  • Define your assignment
  • Find, review, and evaluate sources
  • Write your thesis statement and outline
  • Write a first draft 
  • Find additional sources, revise, and rewrite
  • Submit your paper