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Research & Writing Process

A walk-through on the entire research process. Includes tips and examples to help you decipher your assignment, make a research plan, choose a topic, find your sources, and write your papers.

Addressing the Audience

The answers to these questions will shape how you approach your paper or report.

  • Who are my readers? What is their language skill and expertise in my topic?
    • Most students think of their audience as their instructor. But when writing your paper, it may be helpful to consider your audience as a student in program that is different from yours.  In other words, smart enough to understand a clear, logical argument, but not someone who already knows much about your topic. Remember, even if the instructor knows everything there is to know about your paper topic, they still have to read your paper and assess your understanding. In other words, teach the material to your reader.
  • What tone should I take in my paper?
    • Tone means the “voice” of your paper. In other words, how do you want to come across to your reader?
    • Remember you do not want to alienate your reader by sounding condescending or superior, but you don't wanna hit 'em with the "bruh" either.  
    • Some students think the way to sound academic is to use big words. You won't sound tremendously erudite-- you can sound ridiculous, especially if you use the wrong big words.

Audience guidelines

Keep the following guidelines in mind when addressing your audience:

  • establish common ground with the readers
  • show understanding of your readers' background and views
  • use supporting factual and visual information that will be understood by your audience
  • adjust language, tone, style, and level of formality to reflect the readers you are addressing